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Nd:GdVO4
The Czochralski method Gadolinium Vanadate doped with neodymium, Nd:GdVO4, is a promising material for diode pumped lasers. Like neodymium doped yttrium vanadate, the gadolinium vanadate exhibits a larger absorption and emission cross section compared to Nd:YAG. In fact, Nd:GdVO4 has a 7-times higher absorption cross section at 808nm and a 3-times larger emission cross section at 1.06µm than does Nd:YAG. Nd:GdVO44 has the additional advantage over Nd:YVO4 of a much higher thermal conductivity.

In each case of cw laser performance at 1.06µm and 1.34µm and intracavity doubling with KTP and LBO, the gadolinium vanadate had a higher slope efficiency or optical conversion efficiency than did yttrium vanadate.


Basic Properties:

Chemical Formula

Gd.99Nd.01VO4

Dopant Concentration Nd3+, at.%

1.0¡À 0.1

Crystal Structure

Zircon Tetragonal, space group D4h-I4/amd
a=b=7.212, c=6.350

Space Group

I41/amd

Optical Properties:

Lasing Transition

4F3/2 ¨C4I11/2

Lasing Wavelength, nm

1062.9

Emission Cross Section, (E ½ ½ c, at 1064 nm) cm2:

7.6x10-19

Absorption Cross Section, (E ½ ½ c, at 808 nm) cm2:

4.9x10-19

Density:

5.48g/cm3

Mohs hardness:

4.6-5

Linewidth:

3 nm

Relaxation Time of Terminal Lasing Level:

100ms

Absorption Coefficient, (E ½ ½ c, at 808 nm) cm-1

74

Thermal Conductivity, W/(mxK): <110>

11.7

Density, g/cm3

5.47

Index of Refraction (at 1064 nm):

Wave
length
500
630
850
1064
1300
1400
1550
no
2.0488
2.01685
1.99490
1.98535
1.97889
1.97683
1.97410
ne
2.31219
2.25431
2.21482
2.19813
2.18742
2.18419
2.18009

Demonstrated Performance in Diode Pumped Laser Systems

Laser Operation

Output wavelength (µm)

Frequency Doubler

Slope Efficiency (%)

Max. Optical Conversion Efficiency (%)

cw

1.06

none

42.9

38.1

cw

1.34

none

40.2

n/a

cw

0.53

KTP

n/a

21.0

cw

0.67

LBO

n/a

2.8

Q-switched

1.06

none

31.6

n/a

Q-switched

0.53

KTP

n/a

25.0

Information Regarding Neodymium Laser Host Crystals

 

Nd:YVO4

Nd:GdVO4

Nd:YAG

Laser wavelengths

1064.3nm
1342.0 nm

1062.9 nm
~1340 nm

1064.2 nm
1338.2 nm

Emission bandwidth

(linewidth at 1064 nm)

0.8 nm

No data

0.45 nm

Effective laser cross section
(emission cross section at 1064 nm)

15.6 x 10-19 cm-2

7.6 x 10-19cm-2

6.5 x 10-19 cm-2

Polarization

Parallel to c-axis

Parallel to c-axis

unpolarized

Radioactive lifetime (microseconds)
at 1% Nd doping

~ 100 µs

~ 95 µs

230 µs

Pump wavelength

808.5 nm

808.4 nm

807.5 nm

Peak pump absorption at 1% doping

~ 41 cm-1

~ 57 cm-1

 

Thermal conductivity, W/mK

5.1

11.7(Ref. 7)

14

Material Properties: Comparing Nd:GdVO4 and Nd:YVO4

 

Nd:GdVO4

Nd:YVO4

Crystal Structure, Space Group

Tetragonal, I41/amd

Tetragonal, I41/amd

Lattice constants, nm

a:0.721
b:0.635

a:0.721
b:0.629

Melting temperature, ¡ãC

1780

1825

Thermal expansion @25¡ãC, x10-6/¡ãC
a
1.5
a
4.43
b
7.3
b
11.4

Specific heat @25¡ãC, cal/mol K

32.6
24.6

dn / dT, x10-6 /¡ãC

4.7
2.7

Nd:GdVO4 Specifications:

Nd: Dopant Level

1.0 atm% , 0.5%

Wavefront Distortion

< l/8 at 633 nm

Scattering Sites

invisible, probed with a He-Ne laser

Orientation

+/-0.5¡ã

Dimensional Tolerance

+0.1/-0.1

Surface quality

10/5 Scratch/Dig per MIL-O-13830B

Flatness

l/10 at 633 nm

Clear Aperture

> Central 90%

Parallelism

< 10 arc sec.

R/AR Coating:S1: HR@1064&532nm HT@808nm S2: AR@1064&532nm

AR/AR Coating: S1: AR@1064nm&532nm HT@808nm S2: AR@1064&532nm

 

Nd:GdVO4 long rods

Standard Products

Part No.

Crystals

Doping

Dimension

Coating

GDV01

Nd:GdVO4

0.2-1%

f3X30-65mm

AR/AR@1064nm

GDV02

Nd:GdVO4

0.2-1%

f4X30-65mm

AR/AR@1064nm

Note: The Tm:GdVO4 or Ho:GdVO4 are available from our company.

 

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